Interactive multiple-choice quiz: The Building Blocks of Life منهج انسباير

A

4 protons and 6 electrons

B

6 protons and 8 electrons

C

12 protons and 4 electrons

D

6 protons and 4 electrons

A

Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds

B

Carbon has six neutrons

C

Carbon has 8 electrons in its outermost shell

D

Carbon can form 4 ionic bonds

A

Carbon atoms can form straight chains, branched chains and rings

B

Carbon atoms can only form straight chains

C

Only ring molecules are organic compounds

D

Branched molecules do not contain carbon

A

Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level.

B

Carbon is a metal that can form four ionic bonds.

C

A carbon atom can form bonds with elements like hydrogen and oxygen.

D

A carbon atom can bond with another carbon atom to create long carbon chains.

A

they lack sulfur and phosphorus atoms

B

they both contain a carbon-based chain or ring

C

they are both acids

D

they both contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms

A

A compound that dissolves in water and melts at $801\ ^\circ\text{C}$

B

A nonflammable compound that conducts electricity and dissolves in water

C

A compound that only exhibits ionic bonds between its elements

D

A flammable compound that boils at $76\ ^\circ\text{C}$ and is insoluble in water

A

oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

B

hydrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

C

phosphorus, nitrogen, and hydrogen

D

water, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

A monomer is the building block of a polymer.

B

A monomer is a single element.

C

A polymer is the building block of a monomer.

D

All monomers contain only oxygen and nitrogen.

A

protein

B

nucleic acid

C

water

D

carbohydrate

A

1 : 1 : 2

B

1 : 2 : 1

C

2 : 1 : 1

D

1 : 2 : 2

A

monosaccharides

B

polysaccharides

C

lipids

D

disaccharides

A

Glucose

B

Maltose

C

Glycogen

D

Cellulose

A

Starch — stores energy in animals

B

Cellulose — forms the external skeleton of some animals

C

Glycogen — stores energy in animals

D

Chitin — forms rigid plant cell walls

A

chitin

B

cellulose

C

starch

D

glycogen

A

They are a central energy source and provide cellular support in plants, fungi and animals.

B

They store and communicate genetic information.

C

They speed up chemical reactions in cells.

D

They form the barrier of biological membranes.

A

Lipids are polymers made of amino acids.

B

Lipids dissolve easily in water.

C

Lipids are hydrophobic and are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

D

Lipids are made of repeating nucleotides.

A

It is saturated and solid at room temperature.

B

It is unsaturated, has a kink in its chain and is liquid at room temperature.

C

It is unsaturated and has a perfectly straight chain.

D

It is saturated and has kinks in its chain.

A

Straight chains joined only by single covalent bonds

B

Kinked chains with at least one double bond

C

Chains joined only by triple bonds

D

Rings of carbon atoms

A

saturated fats

B

monounsaturated fats

C

steroids

D

polyunsaturated fats

A

triglyceride

B

wax

C

phospholipid

D

steroid

A

vitamin D and the hormones estrogen and testosterone

B

enzymes and antibodies

C

starch and glycogen

D

DNA and RNA

A

Carbohydrates

B

Lipids

C

Proteins

D

Nucleic acids

A

the amino group

B

the carboxyl group

C

the variable side chain (R)

D

the central hydrogen atom

A

They form between the carboxyl group of one nucleotide and the amino group of another nucleotide.

B

They form between the variable side chain of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

C

They are ionic bonds that form between two nucleotides.

D

They form between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

A

Some proteins transport other substances.

B

Some proteins speed up chemical reactions.

C

Some proteins help fight diseases.

D

Some proteins insulate the body.

A

microtubules

B

enzymes

C

cellulose

D

hemoglobin

A

protein, polypeptide chain, amino acid

B

amino acid, protein, polypeptide chain

C

amino acid, polypeptide chain, protein

D

polypeptide chain, protein, amino acid

A

primary structure

B

tertiary structure

C

secondary structure

D

quaternary structure

A

The flow chart is incorrect: the simplest level is the quaternary structure and the most complex is the primary structure.

B

The flow chart is incorrect: the descriptions of the secondary and quaternary structures are mismatched.

C

The flow chart is incorrect: the diagrams of the tertiary and quaternary structures are mismatched.

D

The flow chart is correct.

A

Heat changes the amino acids of the egg into nucleotides.

B

Heat adds new peptide bonds to the lipids of the egg.

C

Only the primary structure of the egg proteins is changed.

D

Enzymes are proteins that will also denature under extreme temperatures.

A

an amino group, a carboxyl group and a variable side chain

B

glycerol, three fatty acids and a phosphate group

C

a 5-carbon sugar, a fatty acid and a nitrogenous base

D

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

A

lipid that makes up the cell membrane

B

nucleic acid that enables protein production

C

carbohydrate that stores energy

D

protein that speeds up reactions

A

uracil

B

thymine

C

adenine

D

cytosine

A

adenine, guanine

B

cytosine, thymine, uracil

C

adenine, uracil

D

guanine, cytosine

A

It is a protein that stores genetic information.

B

It is a nucleotide with three phosphate groups that releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken.

C

It is a lipid with two phosphate groups that forms cell membranes.

D

It is a polysaccharide that stores energy in plants.

A

Proteins — nucleotides

B

Carbohydrates — fatty acids

C

Lipids — amino acids

D

Nucleic acids — nucleotides

A

Carbohydrates — store and communicate genetic information

B

Lipids — transport substances

C

Proteins — speed up chemical reactions

D

Nucleic acids — provide structural support in plant cell walls