اختبار اختيار من متعدد تفاعلي: Development of a Theory
This assessment covers the scientific concepts behind the development of the theory of plate tectonics and seafloor spreading. It includes questions on oceanic mapping technologies like echo sounders, the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys by scientists like Marie Tharp, and the movement rates of tectonic plates. Additionally, it distinguishes between geological materials such as magma and lava and explains the age patterns of rocks found on the seafloor.
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اختبار شهادة تدريبي مؤقت للصف والمادة والفصل نفسه.
اختر إجابة واحدة لكل سؤال. عند الاختيار ستظهر النتيجة فورًا: الأخضر صحيح، والأحمر خطأ، وسيظهر تفسير الإجابة مباشرة إن كان متوفرًا. وبعد آخر سؤال ستظهر الدرجة النهائية تلقائيًا.
What device did scientists use in the late 1940s to map the depth and shape of the ocean floor?
Explanation
Echo sounders were the primary technology used to determine ocean depth by measuring the time it takes for sound waves to travel to the seafloor and back.
Question 2
Points: 1
where is new oceanic crust continuously formed?
Explanation
New oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges as magma rises from the mantle and solidifies.
Question 3
Points: 1
What did Marie Tharp discover in the center of the mid-ocean ridge profiles that supported the idea of continental drift?
Explanation
Marie Tharp's mapping revealed a distinct V-shaped rift valley at the center of ridges, suggesting the seafloor was spreading apart.
Question 4
Points: 1
Which pattern was revealed by isochron maps of the seafloor?
Explanation
Isochron maps show that the age of the seafloor increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge, proving that new crust is added at the ridge.
Question 5
Points: 1
How does the depth of the ocean affect the data collected by an echo sounder?
Explanation
Since the speed of sound in water is relatively constant, the time delay for an echo to return is directly proportional to the depth of the water.
Question 6
Points: 1
What is the deepest landform on Earth?
Explanation
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans, reaching depths of about 11,000 meters.
Question 7
Points: 1
how much do tectonic plates move each year?
Explanation
Tectonic plates move very slowly, typically at rates ranging from 1 to 9 centimeters per year.
Question 8
Points: 1
What happens to older oceanic crust as new crust is formed at a ridge?
Explanation
Through the process of subduction, older and denser oceanic crust is pushed away from the ridge and eventually sinks back into the mantle at deep-sea trenches.
Question 9
Points: 1
If a continent travels at a rate of 0.006 m/year, how long would it take to travel 100 meters?
Explanation
To find the time, divide the distance by the rate: \( \frac{100}{0.006} \approx 16,667 \) years.
Question 10
Points: 1
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Explanation
The term magma refers to molten rock while it is still underground, while lava is the term used once it breaches the Earth's surface.
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