اختبار اختيار من متعدد تفاعلي: اختبار دروس الرياضيات ريفيل الوحدة العاشرة
Sampling Methods and Bias in Statistics: This set of practice questions covers fundamental concepts in data collection, including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and convenience sampling. It also explores the concept of bias, particularly voluntary response bias, and discusses the criteria for making valid inferences from statistical data.
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اختبار شهادة تدريبي مؤقت للصف والمادة والفصل نفسه.
اختر إجابة واحدة لكل سؤال. عند الاختيار ستظهر النتيجة فورًا: الأخضر صحيح، والأحمر خطأ، وسيظهر تفسير الإجابة مباشرة إن كان متوفرًا. وبعد آخر سؤال ستظهر الدرجة النهائية تلقائيًا.
A researcher wants to understand the commuting habits of a city. They divide the city into 10 distinct neighborhoods and randomly select 50 people from each neighborhood to interview. Which sampling method is being used?
Explanation
The population is divided into subgroups (neighborhoods) and a random sample is taken from each, which is the definition of stratified random sampling.
Question 2
Points: 1
A quality control manager at a lightbulb factory tests every 40th lightbulb that comes off the assembly line. What type of sampling is this?
Explanation
Systematic sampling involves selecting members from a population according to a fixed, periodic interval, such as every 40th item.
Question 3
Points: 1
To gather feedback on a new menu item, a restaurant owner leaves comment cards on every table for customers to fill out if they choose. What type of bias is most likely present here?
Explanation
Since customers fill out the cards only if they choose to, the sample is made up of volunteers, leading to voluntary response bias.
Question 4
Points: 1
A news program asks viewers to call in and vote "Yes" or "No" on a controversial new law. Why is the inference made from this poll likely invalid?
Explanation
This is a voluntary response sample where participants self-select, usually because they have strong feelings about the topic, making the results unrepresentative.
Question 5
Points: 1
Which of the following describes a convenience sample?
Explanation
A convenience sample consists of members of the population that are easiest to reach, such as friends.
Question 6
Points: 1
A company wants to know if employees are happy with the new breakroom. They use a computer to randomly select 30 names from the entire employee directory. This is an example of:
Explanation
In a simple random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, which is achieved here by selecting from the whole directory.
Question 7
Points: 1
An athlete posts a poll on their personal social media account asking followers if they prefer running or swimming. Why might this sample be biased?
Explanation
The sample is biased because it only includes a specific subgroup (followers) who likely share interests with the athlete, rather than the whole population.
Question 8
Points: 1
To determine the average height of 8th graders, a researcher randomly selects 3 different 8th-grade PE classes and measures every student in those classes. This is an example of:
Explanation
By dividing the population into groups (classes) and selecting specific groups, this aligns with the stratified/cluster approach provided in the options.
Question 9
Points: 1
When is an inference considered "valid"?
Explanation
A valid inference requires that the sample accurately reflects the population without systematic error or bias.
Question 10
Points: 1
A librarian wants to know which book genre is most popular. She surveys the first 15 students who enter the library on Monday morning. Is this an unbiased sampling method?
Explanation
Selecting the first people who are easily available is convenience sampling, which is biased because it doesn't give every student an equal chance to be surveyed.
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