| You are here: Almanahj Website ⇒ American curriculum ⇒ 10th Grade ⇒ Geology ⇒ Term 1 | ||
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Worksheet about Earths internal structure | ||
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| Subject: Geology | ||
| 10th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 540.7KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 95 | ||
| Publish date:November 27, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-09-06 07:50:00 | By: theodor Teacher_AJ | |
| File info: The Earth's internal structure can be divided into several layers based on their composition, physical properties, and behavior. From the center to the surface, the Earth is generally divided into the following layers: 1. Inner Core: The innermost layer of the Earth is the inner core. It is a solid sphere that extends from the center to a depth of approximately 1,200 kilometers (745 miles). The inner core is primarily composed of solid iron and nickel. It is under immense pressure, which keeps it in a solid state despite the high temperatures, estimated to be around 5,000-6,000 degrees Celsius (9,000-10,800 degrees Fahrenheit). 2. Outer Core: Surrounding the inner core is the outer core, which extends from a depth of approximately 1,200 kilometers (745 miles) to about 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles). The outer core is primarily composed of liquid iron and nickel. It is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field through a process called geodynamo, which is driven by the convective movement of the molten metal. 3. Mantle: The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, extending from the base of the crust to a depth of about 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles). It is composed mainly of solid rock, primarily silicate minerals rich in iron and magnesium. The mantle is further divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is relatively rigid and is part of the lithosphere, while the lower mantle is more ductile and capable of slow flow over long periods of time. 4. Crust: The outermost layer of the Earth is the crust, which is the thinnest layer. The crust varies in thickness, ranging from about 5 to 70 kilometers (3 to 43 miles), depending on whether it is continental or oceanic crust. The crust is composed primarily of solid rocks, including various minerals and elements. Continental crust is generally thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. The transition between the crust and the mantle is known as the Mohorovičić discontinuity or Moho. It marks a significant change in seismic wave velocities and composition. It's important to note that the Earth's internal structure is not perfectly rigid or uniformly layered. The boundaries between the layers are not sharply defined, and there are variations and complexities within each layer. The study of seismic waves and their behavior as they pass through the Earth has provided valuable information about its internal structure. | ||
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