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Worksheet about plate tectonic | ||
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| Subject: Geology | ||
| 4th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 268.9KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 204 | ||
| Publish date:November 26, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-09-12 18:16:53 | By: theodor leena21 | |
| File info: Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the movement and interactions of large sections of the Earth's lithosphere, known as tectonic plates. The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation of various geological features, such as mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, and the distribution of continents and oceans. The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates are composed of the Earth's crust and uppermost part of the mantle. There are several major tectonic plates, including the Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Pacific Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, and Antarctic Plate, among others. The movement of tectonic plates is driven by the convective currents in the underlying mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries where different interactions occur: 1. Divergent Boundaries: At divergent boundaries, tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement causes the upwelling of magma from the mantle, leading to the formation of new crust. Divergent boundaries are associated with the creation of mid-oceanic ridges and rift valleys on land. 2. Convergent Boundaries: Convergent boundaries are where tectonic plates collide with each other. Depending on the type of crust involved, three types of convergent boundaries can occur: a. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence: When two oceanic plates collide, one is typically subducted (forced beneath the other) into the mantle. This process can result in the formation of deep-sea trenches, volcanic arcs, and island arcs. b. Oceanic-Continental Convergence: When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate usually subducts beneath the lighter continental plate. This subduction can lead to the formation of coastal mountain ranges, such as the Andes in South America. c. Continental-Continental Convergence: When two continental plates collide, neither is easily subducted due to their similar densities. Instead, the collision results in the uplift of large mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas. 3. Transform Boundaries: Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past each other horizontally. The movement along these boundaries can result in significant earthquakes due to the buildup and release of stress between the plates. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform boundary. Plate tectonics is a dynamic process that continuously shapes the Earth's surface and influences geological activity. It provides a framework for understanding the distribution of earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation and breakup of continents over millions of years. | ||
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