| You are here: Almanahj Website ⇒ American curriculum ⇒ 4th Grade ⇒ Geology ⇒ Term 1 | ||
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Worksheet about LAYERS OF THE EARTH | ||
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| Subject: Geology | ||
| 4th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 281.7KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 219 | ||
| Publish date:November 25, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-09-09 13:58:50 | By: theodor lovlilaali | |
| File info: The Earth is composed of several distinct layers with varying properties. From the inside out, the major layers of the Earth are as follows: 1. Inner Core: The innermost layer of the Earth is the inner core, which is primarily composed of solid iron and nickel. It has extremely high temperatures and pressures. The inner core is approximately 1,220 kilometers (760 miles) in radius. 2. Outer Core: Surrounding the inner core is the outer core, which is a liquid layer composed mainly of molten iron and nickel. The outer core is in a state of convective motion and is responsible for generating Earth's magnetic field through the dynamo effect. It is about 2,270 kilometers (1,410 miles) thick. 3. Mantle: The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, extending from the base of the crust to the top of the outer core. It is predominantly solid but behaves like a plastic material over long timescales due to the high temperatures and pressures. The mantle is composed of silicate minerals rich in iron, magnesium, and other elements. It is divided into two regions: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. - Upper Mantle: The upper mantle extends from the base of the crust to a depth of about 660 kilometers (410 miles). It is known as the asthenosphere, characterized by its partially molten and ductile nature. The asthenosphere plays a crucial role in plate tectonics and the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates. - Lower Mantle: The lower mantle lies below the asthenosphere, extending from a depth of about 660 kilometers (410 miles) to the top of the outer core. It is composed of solid rock and experiences high pressures and temperatures. The lower mantle contributes to the convective motion that drives plate tectonics. 4. Crust: The Earth's outermost layer is called the crust, which is the thinnest layer, ranging from about 5 to 70 kilometers (3 to 43 miles) in thickness. The crust is composed mainly of solid rock and is divided into two types: - Continental Crust: The continental crust is thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust. It primarily consists of granitic rocks and is the material that forms the continents. - Oceanic Crust: The oceanic crust is thinner and denser than the continental crust. It is primarily composed of basaltic rocks and forms the ocean floors. These layers of the Earth interact with each other through processes such as convection, plate tectonics, and the movement of heat and material, shaping the dynamic nature of our planet. | ||
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