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Worksheet about Layers of the Earth | ||
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| Subject: Geology | ||
| 9th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 279.5KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 148 | ||
| Publish date:November 22, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-09-11 20:31:44 | ||
| Updated by: Eman9966 on 2023-11-23 16:17:30 | By: theodor Sahar keshavarzian | |
| File info: The Earth's layers are the distinct divisions within our planet that form its structure and composition. These layers, from the innermost to the outermost, are: Inner Core: The inner core is the Earth's solid, centralmost layer, composed primarily of iron and nickel. It is about 1,220 kilometers (758 miles) in radius and has a temperature reaching around 5,500 degrees Celsius (9,932 degrees Fahrenheit). The inner core's rotation is believed to generate Earth's magnetic field. Outer Core: The outer core surrounds the inner core and is a liquid layer of iron and nickel. It is about 2,266 kilometers (1,408 miles) thick and has a temperature range from about 4,500 degrees Celsius (8,132 degrees Fahrenheit) at the inner boundary to around 2,700 degrees Celsius (4,892 degrees Fahrenheit) at the outer boundary. The outer core's movement is responsible for Earth's magnetic field. Mantle: The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, accounting for about 84% of its volume. It is a viscous, solid layer of rock, composed primarily of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. The mantle is divided into two main zones: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is about 670 kilometers (416 miles) thick and is less viscous than the lower mantle, allowing it to flow slowly. This slow flow of the upper mantle is responsible for plate tectonics, the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. The lower mantle is about 2,156 kilometers (1,339 miles) thick and is more viscous than the upper mantle. Crust: The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, a thin, brittle shell made up of rock. It is divided into two types: continental crust and oceanic crust. Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust, and it forms the continents. Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust, and it forms the ocean floor. These layers, with their unique properties, work together to make the Earth the dynamic and habitable planet we know today. The Earth's movements and layers are essential for life, influencing climate, weather patterns, and the distribution of resources. Understanding these processes is crucial for our ability to manage our planet's resources and mitigate the impacts of human activities on the Earth's environment. | ||
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