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Worksheet about coordination compounds | ||
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| Subject: Chemistry | ||
| 12th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 497KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 122 | ||
| Publish date:November 05, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-08-29 18:37:01 | By: theodor P.Dhandayudhapani | |
| File info: Coordination compounds, also known as complex compounds or coordination complexes, are a class of compounds in chemistry that consist of a central metal ion or atom surrounded by a coordinated group of ligands. Ligands are molecules or ions that donate pairs of electrons to the metal ion, forming coordinate bonds. Here's a description of some key features and properties of coordination compounds: 1. Central Metal Ion: Coordination compounds are characterized by a central metal ion or atom, which serves as the coordination center. Common metal ions found in coordination compounds include transition metals like iron, copper, and platinum. The metal ion typically has an incomplete d-orbital, allowing it to form coordination bonds with ligands. 2. Ligands: Ligands are molecules or ions that bond to the central metal ion through coordinate covalent bonds. Ligands can be classified as monodentate (donating one electron pair), bidentate (donating two electron pairs), or polydentate (donating multiple electron pairs). Examples of ligands include water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), chloride ions (Cl-), and ethylenediamine (en). 3. Coordination Number: The coordination number refers to the number of ligands attached to the central metal ion. It represents the total number of coordinate bonds formed. Common coordination numbers are 2, 4, 6, and 8, but other coordination numbers are also possible. 4. Coordination Sphere: The coordination sphere refers to the central metal ion and the ligands directly bonded to it. It includes the coordination number and the geometry of the complex. The coordination sphere is often enclosed in brackets when writing the chemical formula of a coordination compound. 5. Coordination Geometry: The arrangement of ligands around the central metal ion gives rise to a specific coordination geometry. Common coordination geometries include linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, square planar, octahedral, and dodecahedral. The coordination geometry is influenced by factors such as the coordination number and the nature of the ligands. 6. Stability and Color: Coordination compounds often exhibit enhanced stability compared to the isolated metal ions. The formation of coordinate bonds between the metal ion and ligands contributes to this stability. Coordination compounds can also display intense colors due to electronic transitions within the complex, which are influenced by the nature of the metal ion and ligands. 7. Applications: Coordination compounds have numerous applications in various fields. They are widely used in catalysis, such as in industrial processes and biological systems. Coordination compounds also find applications in medicine, as anticancer agents and diagnostic agents. In addition, they are utilized in materials science, electrochemistry, and environmental chemistry. The study of coordination compounds is an important area of inorganic chemistry, involving the understanding of coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and spectroscopic techniques to analyze and characterize these compounds. | ||
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