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Worksheet about chemistry quantum mechanical model of atom | ||
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| Subject: Chemistry | ||
| 11th Grade | ||
| Term 1 | ||
| Year: 2023/2024 | ||
| Size: 551.7KB | ||
| Number of clicks: 125 | ||
| Publish date:November 05, 2023 | ||
| Added by: Eman | ||
| Last download date: 2024-08-27 23:16:15 | ||
| Updated by: Eman9966 on 2023-11-05 14:12:59 | By: theodor P.Dhandayudhapani | |
File info: The quantum mechanical model of the atom, also known as the wave mechanical model or the Schrödinger model, is a theoretical framework that describes the behavior of electrons within an atom. It is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. The key features of the quantum mechanical model of the atom include:1. Electron Cloud: Unlike the classical model of the atom, which depicted electrons orbiting the nucleus in well-defined paths, the quantum mechanical model describes electrons as existing in a three-dimensional region surrounding the nucleus known as the electron cloud or electron probability distribution. The cloud represents the probability of finding an electron at a particular location around the nucleus. 2. Energy Levels and Sublevels: According to the quantum mechanical model, electrons occupy specific energy levels within the atom. Each energy level is designated by a principal quantum number (n), with higher values of n corresponding to higher energy levels. Within each energy level, there are sublevels, which are designated by letters (s, p, d, f). Each sublevel can accommodate a specific number of electrons. 3. Orbitals: Orbitals are regions within the electron cloud where electrons are most likely to be found. Each sublevel consists of one or more orbitals, each capable of holding a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins. The shape of an orbital depends on its sublevel, with s orbitals being spherical, p orbitals being dumbbell-shaped, and so on. 4. Quantum Numbers: Quantum numbers are used to describe the properties and position of electrons within an atom. The principal quantum number (n) determines the energy level, the azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the sublevel, the magnetic quantum number (ml) determines the orientation of the orbital, and the spin quantum number (ms) specifies the spin direction of the electron. 5. Probability Distributions: The quantum mechanical model provides mathematical equations, such as the Schrödinger equation, that describe the behavior of electrons as waves. These equations yield probability distributions that describe the likelihood of finding an electron at different positions around the nucleus. These distributions are represented by wave functions or orbitals. The quantum mechanical model of the atom has been successful in explaining many properties of atoms, such as the electronic structure, chemical bonding, and the emission and absorption of light. It provides a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the behavior of electrons in atoms compared to the classical models. | ||
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